Healthcare Delivery Systems

Chapter 1 – Health Care Delivery Systems There are many interesting and important points in this chapter. Some of them include: Pennsylvania Hospital founded by Ben Franklin was the 1st US hospital University of PA was the US first medical school The AMA was founded in Philadelphia in 1847. The Flexner Report was published in 1910 and impacted the status of medical school education. Hill-Burton Act of 1948 provided federal monies to update hospitals JCAH which is now JCAHO was created in 1951. JCAHO is an independent accreditation agency for health care facilities (all types).Medicare and Medicaid were enacted by Congress in 1965 Privacy Act of 1974 – protect the privacy of information systems in federal health care facilities HCFA (now called CMS) was created in 1977 TEFRA in 1982 established the first Medicare prospective payment system EMTALA of 1985 protected patients against â€Å"dumping† HIPAA was passed in 1996 with components on standardization, simplica tion, privacy, and security SCHIP was established in 1997 to provide health insurance to infants and children not covered under Medicaid Notice all of the abbreviations used in chapter 1!The use of abbreviations and acronyms is very prevalent in the health care and HIM field. Important Concepts in Chapter 1 Continuum of Care – primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care. Most of us are familiar with primary care, care sought by a patient with medical professionals for current problem or maintenance of a problem. Secondary care is seeing a specialist, dermatologist, neurologist, etc. for a problem, often referred by your primary care or family doctor. Tertiary care is often provided in specialty hospitals.This can include specialty radiograph (PET scan, MRI), burn treatment, cancer treatment centers, etc. Health care facility ownership, there are three kinds of facility ownership in general; government, for profit, and not-for-profit non government (Faith-based hospitals f or example). Hospitals are organized with a governing body at the top, sometimes referred to as a board of trustees. Within the hospital and most larger health care facilities (rehab, clinics) there will be an Health Information Management (HIM) or Medical Records Department.However, Medical Records is an older term. Typical functions of an HIM department include, coding, chart abstraction, record processing, record storage and retrieval, medical transcription, release of information (ROI), cancer registry, and index complying and retrieving. The size of the HIM department staff will vary and is usually based on the bed size of the facility and/or annual visits processed (discharged, ED, Outpatient surgery etc. ). One of the most visible components of a health care facility and an HIM department is the coding function.Coding is also seen in outpatient area for physician office and other types of non-hospital based healthcare. This is based partially on the fact the coding is tied to reimbursement and funding for the facility/provider. In the US there are two main coding systems used; ICD-9-CM and HCPCS. HCPCS contains CPT codes which are often thought of as a separate system but CPT is part of HCPCS. CPT codes are used to report physician services regardless of the place of service (hospital, office, ED, clinic, etc. ).ICD-9-CM classification contains diagnoses codes which are used by all providers for coding. ICD-9-CM volume 3 is only used to report inpatient or acute care hospital procedures. Note: CPT does not have any diagnoses codes in it. If a physician uses CPT to code/bill for procedures, ICD-9-CM must also be used. A complete picture must be captured with the procedure and the diagnosis(ies) of the patient for coding/billing to be correct! Licensure and accreditation – your textbook makes a distinction between these wo. Licensure is often governed by state and can be for an individual or a facility. Licensure is most often required for a health care provider or facility to operate in that specific state. Accreditation is for a facility and is most often voluntary. JCAHO is one accreditation body, others include; AAAHC, AOA, CARF, NCQA, NCCHC. New Developments: When the implementation of more digital technology in the area of health care and specifically in the HIM area.Electronic health records (EHR) are being discussed and used more and more in the US. With this type of record gathering and storage, methods of authentication have been updated for the digital age. These include electronic signature. Security measures have also been updated which include smart cards and biometrics. Your textbook also includes some excellent websites for concepts in this chapter. You may also want to refer to this list when you are looking for journal articles to complete lab assignment 2-5 which will be due next week.

Sport Fans

Although many people like sports and watch them on television, few people actually have a strong pride in a team, or really care about how a team does on a competitive game to game basis. To me people can be categorized in three different fan groups. One type of fan is a fair weather fan. They jump from team to team, most likely to which one is winning. Another type of fan is a part-time fan. They really do not care much about any one team, and just watch whoever is on. Finally, there is what I like to call die-hard fans. These fans never miss a game, and route for their team in good and bad times.The first type of fan that I mentioned is a fair weather fan. These are the kinds of fans that never really jump on board with one specific team. They cheer for whichever team might be winning at the time. These fans will usually say that they are routing for whoever the sports critics say will win the championship in that specific season. The next type of fan is what I like to call a part- time fan. These fans really do not have a favorite team, or even like sports period. They will watch a game only if there is nothing else on that they would rather watch.They really do not care who wins or loses. Most of the time these fans do not really know much about the sport that they are watching, or know much about sports in general. The final type of fan that I mentioned is a die-hard fan. These are the fans that truly have a favorite team, and really care about how their team does throughout the season. You will never hear a die-hard fan cheer for any team other than his or her favorite. Die-hard fans are the ones who are tailgating at the games at eight o’clock in the morning, when the game does not start until five or six o’clock at night.They will be the ones that you will see on television with their chests painted in weather that you cannot even imagine being outside in, much less with your shirt off. They truly feed off how their team does throughout the season, if the team is having a good year then these people will rarely ever be unhappy, but if the team is having a bad year then you do not want to cross paths with them. In conclusion, there are many kind of supporter but the truly supporter is die-hard support fans.

Decision Support and Business Intelligence systems Essay

Decision Support and Business Intelligence systems - Essay Example ta hub, storing not only current data, but also historical data to be used for developing trending reports so that the management can use the reports for comparisons, even if it the comparisons are annual, quarterly or even semi-annual. Subject oriented implies that data warehouse is utilized when examining specific subject field. For instance, in business, production can be the specific filed of examination. Integrated implies that a data warehouse incorporates data from a number of data source, for instance, from sales department and production department identify product A differently, however, the data warehouse will incorporate the two to identify the product in a single way. Time invariant implies that data, whether kept for 2 months, 7 months or even after a year is retrievable. Non updatable implies that once the data is entered into the database, it will not be mutilated and would not be changed, and, as a result, the historical data shall never be altered. Text mining refers to the unearthing and extraction of interesting, non trivial knowledge free from free and unstructured text (Kao & Poteet, 2007). The process encompasses information retrieval, and that is, document and website retrieval and even to classification and clustering of text. Natural language Processing, on the other hand, implies the endeavor to extract a complete meaning representation from such free text (Kao & Poteet, 2007). Natural Language processing has been developed to conform to a number of techniques that are naturally syntactically parsed utilizing information from proper grammar and lexicon, thereafter the ensuing information is then deduced semantically and thereafter applied to produce data. NLP can be profound, spanning every corner of the sentence, or even thin , straddling just few passages or phrases within sentences, and even utilize statistical ways to remove vagueness in word senses of the same sentence. The unassuming challenge posed to the development of NLP

Appreciate Differences and Similarities in Texts Essay

Appreciate Differences and Similarities in Texts - Essay Example These articles directly targets rudimentary readers. Level of education of readers and their class These types of readers mostly belong from upper senior, high school level where their main task is to do straightforward analysis. Get the relationships between the documents, do a critical analysis and make general conclusions from this. Students in this level of education get mainly interested in entertaining articles that they can easily put into practice their reading and understanding analytical skills. The two articles in question are admirable examples that high school level students may be materially interested in as they go along with their basic reading abilities that vary from independent, instructional and frustration. Writing techniques used by the writers In the two given articles, just like other written materials, they contain a wide variety of writing techniques that help to appeal t the readers and help convey the intended message with a clear understanding. There is m any writing technique s that writers involve in their works of writing. These writing techniques need to have a deliberate impact to the readers. ... The first article is ironical. It is not logical for humans to complain on the violation of animals rights when involved i8n testing of new medicines, while the medicine that is being tested is for ensuring human survival. In the same article, it is rather ironical that humans complain on animal’s torture in medical tests, while humans do them in order to ensure that the animals too also can survive as animals medicine do exist too. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.yet it is not only humans who benefit from medical science. Researching on animals has also led to many advances in veterinary medicine practices. Dogs can now be protected against distemper†¦.cats can now be immunized against enteritis and cat flu.† The writer portrays verbal irony in this article as the writer contradicts the human party stand. Different impressions created by the two texts The writers in the two articles give an array of mixed fillings. The writer in the first article gives the reader no clear pe rspective on his article. In addition to giving mixed emotions, they are also widespread all over the article. In the first paragraph, he talks about humans and death and makes no substantial deal out of it. He makes it look like a normal thing and gives it some improvement that life expectancy has improved from the past times. However at a point in the article, he talks tells how humans make use of animals for their own benefits. He questions it to be either a matter of animals right or human ill. At this point, the writer creates an impression that humans are being unfair to animals. The writer portrays this, as an act of selfishness by humans. Before this the writer says,

Charater notebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Charater notebook - Essay Example This one-act play comes in eight episodes with six characters, exemplifying the antagonism that existed between the business class community and working class. This discussion bases on the character of Joe and the ways it is portrayed by the playwright. The play starts at a Labor Union meeting, where the striking members are addressing their issues regarding the strike to the fellow audience. Harry Fatt, the corrupted union leader, favors the employer and tries to quell the strike by silencing the workers’ protest. However, the demand for strike is high and the workers are eagerly awaiting the arrival of their elected committee chairman, Lefty Costello. Meanwhile, Fatt tries to convince the seekers of the strike proposal by stating that the president is taking care of their interests, and so the strike seems to be unnecessary and unproductive in various regards. He even spies and intimidates the workers, accusing those who oppose his opinion as communists or cowards. While waiting for Lefty, the members are allowed to express their views on the necessity of the strike. Each of the character addresses their economic necessity - the primary reason for them to take the job as a cab driver. They explain their intentions behind t he strike proposal and how they are involved in the union. Firstly, Joe Mitchell takes his stand on the strike issue by defending the courage and conviction of Lefty. He also denies and opposes being called as a ‘Red’ by showing his war wounds as a symbol of patriotism. He speaks out about the poverty and exploitation of the working class by arguing that the strike is the only way out for them. He even persuades the workers to make up their minds in support of the strike, referring to his wife, Edna’s persuasion. The conversation between Joe and Edna reflects the tedious life of the cab drivers and their desperate households. Edna taunts Joe for his reluctance and persuades him to go on strike for higher wages.

Citi Bank Launching The Credit Card In Asia Pacific Essay

Citi Bank Launching The Credit Card In Asia Pacific - Essay Example The feasibility of launching the product in Singapore would become clear in the light of the following analysis: Income and Standard of Living: Singapore is a country of rich and affluent people with an average per capita income of $8,817 that is continuously growing at a higher rate than other countries in the region and a standard of living much better as compared to most of its neighbouring countries. Most of the population can conveniently afford a credit card therefore this country offers great opportunity to the Citi corp. in launching its product for the first time in the whole region. Therefore, the land of Singapore offers more opportunities than risk for the Citi Bank credit card launch. Although risks are there, but the country having 100% urban population, higher per capita income and much better standard of living offer less country risks to the launch of a product like credit card. Although the country profile of Singapore offers has great attractiveness for the launch of Citi Bank credit card, yet the market ... Although the country profile of Singapore offers has great attractiveness for the launch of Citi Bank credit card, yet the market profile suggests a great number of risks associated with it. The credit card market has been already captured by major international players such as American Express Bank, Hong Kong Bank, Chase, Standard Chartered and local banks such as UOB, DBS, OUB, and OCBC, which make it very difficult for a bank to successfully enter the market and remain profitably in business for long. In order to enter the Singapore market and successfully launch the product, Citi Bank could either purchase an existing already established business, or launch a rigorous marketing campaign to attract a great number of customers or can even both the options simultaneously as suggested by the case given. However it is recommendable for the Citi Bank to go for the development of its product's own market. The bank should adopt a number of possible marketing strategies that could help it achieve the objective of customer awareness and customer acceptance. Initially, the customers should be made acquainted to the product and then the product must be positioned in a way to win the customer acceptance. Competitive Advantage Singapore is a market where people enjoy a high standard of living and therefore, enjoy the products that are associated with image, status and recognition. Citi Bank can take advantage of this attitude by positioning the credit card and associate its image with high status, prestige, affluence and style. The bank should use its "international identity" and offer its product to the people with maximum international usage and recognition. This can be the most visible competitive advantage readily available to be

I Think, Therefore I am Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I Think, Therefore I am - Essay Example This means that he is allowing credibility to only his consciousness and cognitive powers, and not to that of any other objective audience. Indeed his method leaves no room for the derivation of a third-person truth, which would require the acknowledgement of premises beyond the perceiving being's conscious self. Descartes arrives into this insight into the nature of existence after undergoing the three 'waves' of doubt. The first of these brings up the fact that knowledge based on sensory inputs has not always been shown up as reliable. The second is a doubt that all that we experience and feel, indeed, our very existence itself maybe only a dream, because a lot of our thoughts that take place while dreaming, are not in fact real, but they are very similar to our waking thoughts. The third, and the most diabolical one of them all, is that we may be the subject of deception by an evil demonic force that presents to us as irrefutable knowledge, that which is not true at all. The conclusion of "I think, Therefore I am", has been criticized on various grounds.