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The Issue Of Personal Identity Essay - 1529 Words

If persons persist over time then by what criteria do we determine their identity at different times? This is the issue of personal identity over time which continues to plague philosophers. What is it that allows me to say I am the same person today as I was yesterday or I will be tomorrow? Am I actually the same person? There has been no general consensus on the answer to this question. However many have proposed solutions to this question. When it comes to this hard problem of why persons last or persist over time there are two opposing points of view points. There is the perdurance or four dimensionalism view, which maintains that objects persist as a series of temporal parts that are simply related to each other. The other view is that of endurance which states that objects endure over time by being wholly present at each and every time they exist and must be numerically identical to each other in order to be the same thing, in such a way that they are one and the same. This pap er seeks to explore what is the criterion or criteria of person identity by which we determine one person at one time and a person at another time to be one and the same. In order to answer this question the perdurance and endurance approaches to the problem of personal identity over time will be explored. These views will be explored through the discussion of four prominent philosophers in the views. In this paper I will propose ultimately Rosenkranzt’s endurance view, the theory ofShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Personal Identity1491 Words   |  6 Pages The issue of personal identity is one of the most broadly treated problems in the philosophical community. â€Å"Who are we?† â€Å"Where do we come from?† â€Å"What makes us human?† are some of the inquiries that most people face during their lives. Consequently, because for the majority of people it is almost natural to ask themselves about the meaning of their own identity, it is understandable that most major philosophical figures have presented their own theories regarding this question (Olson). In the sameRead MoreCultural Values, Personal Identity And The Issues I Might Encounter As A Multicultural Counselor2107 Words   |  9 Pagesobtain some things you want in life.† I am an African American woman, who was raised in the small town of Venice, IL. My family values and rich historical culture heavily impacted my personal identity today as if it did yesterday. In this reflection, I will discuss my cultural values, personal identity and the issues I might encounter as a multicultural counselor. Values and morals are ingrained in people like a pattern that is woven into a piece of material. The idea of what is right or wrongRead MoreIdentity Theft And Its Impact On The State Of Florida1276 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity theft is a negative issue in the entire United States, but the state of Florida is where it is most common and where there is the most cases. Due to Florida having the most identity theft complaints, it is important to question just how vulnerable the state is to this form of fraud. However, it is evident that Florida needs to find more efficient ways to limit identity theft drastically, since it has led the nation in identity theft for the past three years. This paper will examine the stepsRead MoreSocietal Influence and Identity Formation Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesreasons and things helping to develop the appropriate sense of identity on the part of people. Some of them influence this process positively, and others have the negative impact on ide ntity formation of people in the modern society. A remarkable role in the process of identity formation is attached to the society, such as media, family and peers, the so-called every-day environment of people. But people should understand that the identity formation is within the person and nobody can distract peopleRead MoreSelf Identity By Anthony Giddens1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthe study seeks some further explanations of the role of identity in the social life of individuals. This essay will investigate issue of self-identity in the modern world according to Antony Giddens’s ideas. Firstly, it will be considered how the concept of self-identity is created in the modern world. After that identities will be explained in terms of Giddens’s opinion. It will be given an overview of the main Giddens’s work on self-identity (Giddens, 1991). Then Giddens’s â€Å"Project of the self† willRead MoreInformation Privacy1353 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Privacy Name of the student The privacy of personal information related to the data stored on the computer systems is termed as Information privacy. The information privacy is related to privacy of personal data that is collected by various organizations for personal use. The private information can be stored in medical records, political records, criminal records, financial data, data on website or any information related to the business related which needs to be protected and keepRead MoreResearch Images Taken From Mobile1015 Words   |  5 PagesFigure 5.2: Clinical images taken from mobile (â€Å"Clinical images and the use of personal mobile devices’, n.d.). 6. Identity Theft Identity theft is an act of stealing and using another person’s identity in an unauthorized way and has become one of the most significant problems throughout the world today (Reynolds, 2015, Glossary). Nowadays, websites and Social media has become the best medium to share and upload the personal photos. This is good because the photo will remain on these platforms forRead MoreThe Legal Issue Of Cyberbullying Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the two legal issues, then discuss why they are legal issue, In addition, this assignment will provide a comparison of established legislation in New Zealand and foreign jurisdictions; namely the United Kingdom and Australia in managing the legal issues. Furthermore, this assignment will illustrate my opinions on how the legal issues could be managed or avoided. The first legal issue is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying or alternatively termed electronic bullying is a legal issue as that is definedRead Moreâ€Å"According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Fraud Survey 2010-11, an estimated total1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Fraud Survey 2010-11, an estimated total of 1.2 million Australians aged 15 years and over were victim of at least one incident of identity fraud in the 12 months prior to the survey interview..† (Afp.gov.au, 2014) Identity fraud is a type of fraud that involves illegally pretending to be somebody else for a beneficial gain. This can result in emotional and/or financial devastation. This is a very common legal issue facing Australian stakeholders, costingRead MoreComparing Philosophers Locke And Hume On Personal Identity1375 Words   |  6 PagesMarch, 2016 Compare Philosophers Locke and Hume on Personal Identity Introduction The question on personal identity has been a philosophical debate for a long time. Philosophers over time have tried to argue what being a person that one is, from one day to the necessarily contains. In their endless search for philosophical bases on the same, multiple questions on the issues of life and death arise such that the correct answers to personal identity determine the changes that one person undergoes, or

William Shakespeare s Family Dynamics - 1560 Words

Many fathers appear in the works of William Shakespeare, family dynamics are the center of nearly all his plays. Shakespeare must have known that relations between members of shared bloodlines were ripe for drama, suspense, and highly emotional content. However, despite the many fathers depicted, and plays named for them, fathers King Lear and Titus Andronicus stand as share contrasts to one another. Both have their plays named ominously for them, insinuating that they are the center of the events, as was expected in during the period when these plays were written and published. Despite the separate locations and time periods the plays are set in, the patriarchal line of importance remains in both. However, Titus represents a man who loses the ability to control and protect his children from sinister others and even himself. Lear, however, suffers the tragedy of being betrayed and harmed by his own children. In this aspect Lear and Titus represent two extreme examples of fatherhood, and explore the faults and dangers of each. Titus Andronicus is set in ancient Rome and portrays the triumphant return of Titus Andronicus, as a war hero, bringing with him the spoils of war in the form of the Queen of Goths, Tamora, and her three sons. Roman custom dictated a sacrifice be made to as Titus puts his twenty two sons to rest. Titus selects the eldest of Tamora’s son to be used for the sacrifice. Tamora pleads to Titus for mercy, which he refuses, setting the whole revenge play intoShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1209 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding Romeo and Juliet. It s a play which dates back to the late 1500’s written by one of the most influential playwrights in history William Shakespeare. Today I will explore the nature of love and hate within Romeo and Juliet and discover the issues that are still relevant today. The two protagonists families the Capulets and the Montagues are sworn enemies. Yet from these two households love was sprawn by their offspring. This is the premise of the family feud (hate) combating the youthfulRead MoreAnalyse How the Central Values Portrayed in King Richard Iii Are Creatively Reshaped in Looking for Richard.1683 Words   |  7 PagesAn honest tale speeds best, being plainly told.† This quote from William Shakespeare’s King Richard III is a seed from which Al Pacino’s docu-drama Looking For Richard grows, both texts demonstrating the intrinsic relationship between contexts and the composition of texts. As 21st century students, we see Pacino’s creative reshaping emphasise inherent values within the original text, from dynamic perspectives to interpretational understandings, presented in an ‘honest’ and ‘plainly told’ compositionRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s All The World s A Stage 1540 Words   |  7 Pages Megan Mackey Professor Raja Atallah English 1102 17 April 2017 Research Paper William Shakespeare once said, All the World’s a Stage —and now his quote can be applied to his literature within his tragedies (William Shakespeare 1). The generation of people today have a much different definition of tragedies than people did during the Shakespearean times. Shakespeare’s tragedies involve a protagonist whose character is developed so that it is clear that he is a heroic figure in the setting of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights 1398 Words   |  6 Pagesplay Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth is the most famous woman character. She is stronger, more ambitious and ruthless than her husband. Lady Macbeth pushed her husband , Macbeth to betray and kill King Duncan of Scotland. The theme of destructive love within relationships in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Bronte’ s Wuthering Heights is presented through sexism, jealousy , and betrayal. Sexism is portrayed in many ways in the novel wuthering Heights. Catherine s character can be seenRead MoreEssay Comparing The Tempest and King Lear1338 Words   |  6 PagesKing Lear in general, as well as looking at comparisons of Prospero and Lear in somewhat more detail. Prospero and Lear are, without a doubt, the two most compelling mature figures in Shakespeare. In a way, one is the flip side, so to speak, of the other. Each represents an aging mans relationship to family, environment, and, most importantly, himself. One might even be so bold as to venture that had Lear lived, he might, through the enormity of his painful transformation, have become a characterRead MoreMerchant of Venice: Dehumanization of Shylock1540 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare on Religious Dehumanization: Bringing Awareness, Not Change Discrimination and hatred across religions can be often become a normal part of everyday life, and can be difficult to eradicate and extinguish. In William Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, the idea of the â€Å"normality† of everyday prejudices comes across in interactions and the portrayal of Shylock, a Jewish moneylender in Venice. Through Shylock’s character, Shakespeare provides a commentary on how his society has viewed JudaismRead MoreOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 PagesJack Martin Mrs. Siplivy British Literature 3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragicRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By William Shakespeare1055 Words   |  5 PagesArranged marriages have been instituted for centuries in order to link families together for wealth, dominion, and peace. In the late 1500’s, William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet became famous for its writing style and storyline. A true romance story consisting of defying the family s wishes of an arranged marriage to be accompanied by the true love of their life. In Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet love was a dynamic force that eventually brought about the death of both Romeo and Juliet. NearlyRead MorePower In Stephen Frears Film, The Queen And Shakespeares King Lear1316 Words   |  6 Pagesand Shakespeare’s play, King Lear. Frears explores the theme of power through, Queen Elizabeth II, a hardline traditionalist who is blinded by old world protocols and traditions all but failing to see the transfer in balance of power. Similarly, Shakespeare explores the theme through the protagonist Lear, a king fascinated with grand showings of his sovereignty by staging and arranging situations that praise his ego. The very nature of power is in fact hazardous and has the ability to devour thoseRead MoreThe Theme Of Destructive Love Within Relationships, Jealousy, And Betrayal1790 Words   |  8 PagesSexism, jealousy, and betrayal can also lead to death in a destructive love. Love can be defined as an attraction of feelings, states, and attitudes that ranges from interpersonal affection to pleasure. There are differential powers known as power dynamics at play in every type of relationships. In some partnerships there is an equal amount of power and respect divided into it, and in others, one partner holds most of the power. There are a lot of ways for women to gain control in a relationship. Shakespeare’s

Queen Elizabeth the First Essays - 1762 Words

Elizabeth â€Å"Semper Eadem† Prologue Known as The Golden Age in English history, the 45 year rule of Queen Elizabeth I turned the declining country of England, into one of the most powerful and prosperous countries in the world. Elizabeth Tutor I was born unwanted to King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on September 7 1533. Taught by famous scholars in her youth, she excelled at her studies. From an early age, she was seen to be enormously gifted. She had an especial flair for languages. By adulthood, she was capable of speaking 5 different languages. In the January of 1547, King Henry passed away leaving Elizabeth 3rd in line to the throne. The true successor to throne was Edward VI but he was far too young to govern, when†¦show more content†¦In the half century during which she ruled, her kingdom became known for its pageantry and glamour. When Elizabeth Tudor had succeeded the throne, religious strife, a huge government debt, and failures in war, had caused England to be considered a poor credit risk on the Continent. Though popular and much-admired, Elizabeth did not inherit a stable and prosperous country, thus the quest for stability and prosperity became the guiding force of her reign. She constantly avoided foreign entanglements and religious extremism. The motto Elizabeth â€Å"Semper Eadem† Latin, meaning â€Å"Always the same† was highly appropriate. Queen Elizabeth I left behind an extraordinary image of a dazzling era of excitement and achievement, nearly superhuman heroes and daring deeds, w ith the Queen, larger than life, radiating inspiration at the center of it all. Elizabeth’s character was a mystery to most people at the time she inherited the throne. She had learned to keep her own council, control her emotions, and always behaved cautiously, thus being able to disprove all rumors about her. Always dignified and stately, she could be vain, willful, dictatorial, temperamental, and imperious. She had courage, both in her decisions, and in the face of danger. Possessing an innate of humanity, she was not normally cruel, unlike most rulers of her day. Most regarded her to be unusually tolerant in that age of religious conflict. She saw herself as one who was always honest and honorable, whoShow MoreRelatedEssay about Queen Elizabeth the First2116 Words   |  9 Pages Queen Elizabeth 1 The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is often referred to as quot;The Golden Agequot; of English history. Elizabeth was an immensely popular Queen, and her popularity has waned little with the passing of four hundred years. She is still one of the best-loved monarchs, and one of the most admired rulers of all time. She became a legend in her own lifetime, famed for her remarkable abilities and achievements. Yet, about Elizabeth the woman, we know very little. She is an enigma, andRead MoreElizabeth The First Was The Queen Of England And Ireland1692 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth the First was the Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1603. She was the final and fifth monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Elizabeth had many talents, which enabled her to be a capable, strong leader. For many reasons Elizabeth was one of the most notable personalities of Tudor, one being that she kept stability in a nation that was troubled with political and religious rebellion. Against the pressures of parliam ent she maintained authority of the crown. She was able to transform England’sRead MoreThe Life of Queen Elizabeth Ii1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Queen Elizabeth II Queen Elizabeth II was born Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926 in London (â€Å"Queen Elizabeth II†). Her father was Prince Albert, Duke of York, and her mother was Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Elizabeth was never meant to become queen (Smith 6). From the very start, her life never developed the way it should have. The leadership she shows her, faithfulness, and her compassion tells her people she cares. The life of Queen Elizabeth II isa true journey of anRead MoreQueen Mary Stuart Of Scotland And Queen Elizabeth I Of England1015 Words   |  5 Pagesfeud that came about that dominated Europe. Cousins, Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland and Queen Elizabeth I of England, formed an unpleasant relationship that ended with execution. The scandalous rivalry between Mary, Queen of Scots and Queen Elizabeth I had a profound effect on the politics of their time. Queen Elizabeth I was much more regal than her cousin, Mary Stuart of Scotland, and ruled her kingdom with poise and sophistication. When Elizabeth came into power, she had to rebuild the ruins thatRead MoreBiography on Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary1369 Words   |  5 Pagesat 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, London; The Duke and Duchess of York gave birth to their first child, a daughter, but also a princess. Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was christened in the chapel at the Buckingham Palace. The Princess received her first name after her mother Elizabeth; while she received her middle name from her paternal great grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and paternal grandmother, Queen Mary. She spent her early years at One Hundred Forty Five Piccadilly, London, and WhiteRead MoreQueen Elizabeth Speech Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe prominent Queen Elizabeth I of England gave one of the most zealous speech in the world that echoes throughout history. In 1588 at Tilbury, Queen El izabeth I gave her zealous speech to her troops and trusted allies. Within this speech she encouraged her troops and gave them a nationalistic desire to fight for their land. Queen Elizabeth I gave this speech with the intention of inspiring her troops to fight for her and her cause, along with their people. With this new found hope that was beingRead MoreQueen Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen922 Words   |  4 PagesEngland.† -Elizabeth I (Add Intro) Queen Elizabeth was famously known as â€Å"The Virgin Queen† for never marrying. She refused to share her power. Queen Elizabeth was born in 1533 and she and her sister were claimed to be illegitimate by her father, Henry VIII since he was looking for a male heir to his throne. Her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed by her husband Henry VIII for what historians believe was false charges of adultery and conspiracy when Elizabeth was just two. Elizabeth stayed at HatfieldRead MoreAn Extremely Brief Biography of Queen Elizabeth I1334 Words   |  5 PagesOn this day in history, March 24, 1603, Queen Elizabeth the first dies, leaving the throne to King James VI of Scotland. Within her reign Elizabeth enforced Protestant religion. In 1587, she had Queen Mary executed, and her conflict continued with the Roman Catholic Spain, and victoriously defeated the Spanish Armada. The Elizabethan age flourished with commerce, literature, arts, and geographical exploration. Elizabeth’s father, King Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn in hopes that Boleyn would bareRead MoreFashion Essay : Queen Elizabeth I1013 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the mid to late 1500s, Queen Elizabeth I revolutionized dress in England, just as other women of power had done throughout the world. As a queen, Queen Elizabeth I’s clothes were reflective of her dominance, opulence and symbolic of her character. It was imperative that the queen’s appearance to the people was impeccable, otherwise she would be criticized as weak and underserving. Catherine L. Howey contends: â€Å"Elizabeth had to present herself as a chaste, virginal woman to prove that she wasRead MoreThe Role Of Queen Elizabeth I And Queen Elizabeth I1271 Words   |  6 Pagesgrand total of 66 monarchs, all varying in historical importance. Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria are two great monarchs still remembered today. Both women were influential figures who coined their own eras. Queen Eliza beth I influenced the Golden Age, bringing learned arts and education into popularity. The Victorian era became known as an age of great wealth and expansion for the British Empire which is attributed to Queen Victoria’s reign. What made these seemingly ordinary women become some

This paper presents an implementation Free Essays

Abstraction: This paper presents an execution of Multistructure PIDFLC. Modification has been made to construction of the proposed PIDFLC in order to do it acts as PDFLC, PIFLC or PIDFLC depending on two external signals. Two versions of this accountant have been designed utilizing VHDL linguistic communication for FPGA execution. We will write a custom essay sample on This paper presents an implementation or any similar topic only for you Order Now A new bundle has been designed in VHDL codification to implement trigonometric maps and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to prove the proposed design with nonlinear systems. The accountant was able to bring forth an end product in 0.3 millisecond for additive workss and 0.7 millisecond for nonlinear works. Therefore, the proposed accountant will be able to command many systems with high trying rate. Keywords: PIDFLC, FPGA execution, nonlinear systems, Altera. Categorization: XYZ ( Electronic instrumentality and control ) T. Jain, V. Patel and M.J. Nigam † Execution of PID Controlled SIMO Process on FPGA Using Bacterial Foraging for Optimal Performance † International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, P: 1793-8198, June 2009. V. Tipsuwanporn, S. Intajag and V. Krongratana † Fuzzy Logic PID accountant based on FPGA for procedure control † Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Bangkok, Thailand, Vol. 2, pp. 1495-1500, 4-7 May 2004. Obaid Z. A. , Sulaiman N. and M. N. Hamidon â€Å" FPGA-based Execution of Digital Logic Design utilizing Altera DE2 Board † International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.9 No.8, P: 186-194, July 2009. Obaid Z. A. , Sulaiman N. , M. H. Marhaban and M. N. Hamidon â€Å" FPGA-Based Fuzzy Logic: Design and Applications – a Review † International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 1, figure 5, P: 491-502, December 2009. Leonid Reznik, â€Å" Fuzzed accountants † , Newnes, first edition, 1997. 1. Introduction The simplest and most usual manner to implement a fuzzed accountant is to recognize it as a computing machine plan on a general intent computing machine. However, a big figure of fuzzed control applications require a real-time operation to interface high-velocity restraints. Software execution of fuzzed logic on general purpose computing machines can non be considered as a suited design solution for this type of application higher denseness programmable logic devices such as FPGA can be used to incorporate big sums of logic in a individual IC. Semi-custom and full-custom application particular integrated circuit ( ASIC ) devices are besides used for this intent but FPGA provide extra flexibleness: they can be used with tighter time-to-market agendas [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] . 2. Layout of the Proposed Accountant By and large, this accountant accept two types of end products, the first 1 is the works ( Yp ) and the 2nd 1 is the coveted end product ( Yd ) , both of them is digital signals, and present the control action signal as a digital end product. It besides accepts four 8-bit digital signals that represent the addition parametric quantities needed by the accountant ( relative addition Kp, derivative addition Kd, built-in addition Ki, and end product gain Ko ) , and other two one-bit signals to choose the type of the accountant ( PD fuzzy logic accountant, PI fuzzy logic accountant, or PID fuzzy logic accountant ) . Fig. 1 shows the general layout of the accountant bit in a unity feedback control system. Fuzzy accountant applications do non necessitate high truth. Accuracy of 6-9 spots is adequate and is rather sufficient for different applications. Many designed FIS french friess use this scope of spots [ 5 ] , since two versions of the accountant have been designed to do a comparing in which version is closest to Matlab-based design: the first one uses 6 spots for each input and end product variables, and 4 spots for rank grade, while the other uses 8 spots and 6 spots severally. 3. Structure of the Proposed PIDFLC By and large, to stand for PID fuzzed logic accountant, it was required to plan a fuzzed illation system with three inputs that represent the proportional, derivative, and built-in constituents, and each one of them can hold up to eight fuzzy sets. So that the maximal figure of the needed fuzzy regulations to 83=512 regulations. To avoid this immense figure of regulations, the proposed accountant has been designed utilizing two parallel PD fuzzy logic accountants to implement the PID fuzzy logic accountant. The 2nd PDFLC has been converted to PIFLC by roll uping its end product. Fig. 1 shows the construction of proposed PID fuzzy logic accountant. Both accountants, PD fuzzy logic accountant and PI fuzzy logic accountant, receive the same mistake signal. The mistake signal is calculated by deducting works end product ( yp ) from the desired end product ( yd ) . The chief block in the PD fuzzy logic accountant is the fuzzed illation block. The proposed fuzzy illation block is two input s, one end product fuzzy system of Mamdani type that uses singleton rank maps for the end product variable. The first input is the error signal vitamin E ( n ) , and the 2nd input is the rate of alteration of mistake signal defined as the difference between two back-to-back mistake values. Before come ining the fuzzed illation block, each one of these two inputs have been multiplied by a addition coefficient inside the PD fuzzy accountant ( Kp and Kd or Kp and Ki ) . In similar mode, the end product of the fuzzed illation block is multiplied by a addition coefficient inside the PD fuzzy logic accountant, ( Ko ) . At the same clip, the end product of the fuzzed illation block in the 2nd PD fuzzy accountant is multiplied by a addition coefficient so accumulated to organize the uPIFLC. Both end products ( uPD and uPI ) are added together to organize the PIDFLC end product ( uPID ) . Since each PDFLC has its ain additions and regulations, the concluding design could work as a PDFLC, PIFLC or a PIDFLC ) depending on the two choice lines sw1 and sw0 — — , where, sw1sw0= 00, gives PD fuzzy logic accountant, sw1 sw0= 01 gives PI fuzzy logic accountant, and sw1 sw0=0x gives PID fuzzy logic accountant. The chief constituents in the proposed PD fuzzed logic accounta nt are: Input/Output block, Fuzzifier block, illation engine block, and Defuzzifier block. 4. Test Bench and Simulation Results For the intent of simulation symmetric triangular fuzzy sets and singleton fuzzy sets with 8 lingual variables have been used for input and end product variable severally, in add-on to govern tabular array of 64 fuzzy regulations. At first, a trial is performed to do certain that the fuzzed illation system used inside the FPGA-based design is working decently This trial is performed to do certain that the fuzzed illation system used inside the FPGA-based accountant ( 6FBC or 8FBC ) is working decently. This trial involves bring forthing control surface utilizing fuzzed sets and regulation tabular array, this trial has been used to do a comparing between both types of FBC with Matlab-based ( MSBC ) , and shows that 8FBC is superior to 6FBC and it ‘s much close to MSBC. Case Study 1: Second order theoretical account may stand for procedure such as place control of an ac motor [ 7 ] Equation ( 1 ) shows the mathematical works theoretical account, distinct transportation maps of this theoretical account has been obtained utilizing ZOH method, and the selected sampling period ( T ) is 0.52. The values of Kp, Kd, Ki, and Ko used in this trial were selected utilizing test and mistake. The accountant gives action at 0.3  µs ; when PIDFLC applied for this system, as shown in Fig. 2, 8FBC response is near to the responses utilizing MSBC, with zero mistake and small overshot. The Average differences between MSBC and 6FBC for Step response and control action are -0.0256 and -0.0009 severally, and The Mean differences between MSBC and 8FBC for Step response and control action are -0.0030 and 0.0021 severally, since the 8FBC is superior to 6FBC and its much stopping point to MSBC. Case Study 2: This instance is considered as a particular instance with the proposed design, because of VHDL accepts four mathematical operation merely, add-on, minus, division and generation, since it ‘s hard to stand for non-linear elements like trigonometric maps. In this instance, a mathematical theoretical account of nonlinear works has been used to prove the proposed accountant with unity feedback control system ; this theoretical account is characterized by Equation ( 2 ) and Equation ( 3 ) . The first order filter on U to bring forth u represents an actuator. Assume the initial conditions y ( 0 ) = 0.1 radians ( = 5.73 deg. ) , y? ( 0 ) = 0, and the initial status for the actuator province is zero. For simulation of the fourth-order, Runge-Kutta method has been used with an integrating measure size of 0.01. Again, this works has been designed utilizing MATLAB package ( for simulation in MATLAB ) , and in non-synthesizable VHDL codification ( for simulation in ModelSim ) . A particular bundle was designed in VHDL codification to implement trigonometric maps and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method which are non available in Quartus II ( or in ISE ) criterion libraries. The values of Kp, Kd, Ki, and Ko used in this trial were selected utilizing test and mistake. The accountant gives action at 0.7  µs after the input latching. When utilizing nonlinear system for trial, both versions ( 6FBC and 8FBC ) supply by and large good responses though there is some oscillation. ( one mu st non be deceived by the steady province mistake that appears in Figure ( 4 ) , since it represents less than 1 % of the end product scope in the instance of 6FBC and less than 0.5 % of the end product scope, in the instance of 8FBC ) . The absolute mean difference between the nonlinear works response, utilizing MSBC, and the nonlinear works response, utilizing 6FBC, is less than 0.0155. The absolute mean difference between the nonlinear works response, utilizing MSBC, and the nonlinear works response, utilizing 8FBC, is less than 0.0085 as shown in Fig. 3. 5. Execution of the Proposed PIDFLC The proposed PIDFLC has been implemented utilizing Altera DE2 board, this board offers a rich set of characteristics that make it suited for usage in a research lab environment for university and college classs and can used for any design executions, every bit good as for the development of sophisticated digital systems by utilizing hardware description linguistic communication ( HDL ) . All connexions are made through the Cyclone II 2C35 FPGA device in order to supply maximal flexibleness for the user. Therefore, the user can configure the FPGA to implement any system design. 6. Decision Simulation environments have been built utilizing non-synthesizable VHDL codification for the intent of simulation in ModelSim, and the same design is coded in Matlab for the intent of simulation in Matlab ( MSBC ) . Two version of the accountant has been designed, the first one is 6-bits which uses 6-bits for each input/output variables ( 6FBC ) , while the 2nd uses 8-bits each input/output variables ( 8FBC ) . Two instance surveies have been used in order to prove this accountant. From these consequences, 8FBC is superior to 6FBC and it ‘s much close to MSBC. The accountant was able to bring forth an end product in 0.3 millisecond ( after input latching ) for additive workss and 0.7 millisecond for nonlinear works. Therefore, the proposed accountant will be able to command systems with high trying rate. Recognitions The writers would wish to thank foremost, our God, and all UPM staff and all friends who gave us any aid related to this work. Finally, the most thank is to our households and to our states which born us. How to cite This paper presents an implementation, Essay examples

Assessable Income Functioning A Business -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Assessable Income Functioning A Business? Answer: Introducation According to section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997, deductible expenses are the one that is incurred either while earning the assessable income or while functioning a business that can assist in the attainment of such assessable income. Further, deduction of these expenses is not allowable as a deduction that is private or capital in nature, or the expenses that are in association with the attainment of exempted income. In the case of cost of moving machinery to a new place, the same is related to brand new machinery that is deported from the area of purchase to the site. Moreover, the expense incurred here must be incorporated in the Machinery's capital cost and therefore, it is deemed to be of capital nature. Therefore, such expenses must not be allowable under the above-mentioned section 8-1 because they are of capital origin and the given section does not allow such expenses. Further, adding up to such expenses or allowability of expenses rely upon an assets nature whether it is an old one or brand-new (Fullerton et. al, 2017). If the asset is brand new in nature, every expense that is incurred up to the date of its utilization must be summed up to its cost and it must become a part of the assets cost. For instance, commissioning, installation, and transportation cost, etc. Besides, in the case wherein the accounting is incurred for deporting the old machine from the present location to a new lo cation, it must be deemed to be regarded as transportation cost and therefore, allowable as deduction. In the case of revaluation of assets to effect insurance cover, it can be seen that the expenses incurred for the assets evaluation in order to claim exemption are allowable only if they are incurred for recovery of loss of gain, whether directly or indirectly related to the assessable income. Besides, in relation to an insurance claim, two scenarios can arise. Firstly, in relation to an asset for which insurance claim is attained is of capital nature, this implies that the capital asset is wrecked and the claim is mainly for the recovery of losses. Nevertheless, in such a scenario, the incurred expenses for the recovery of insurance coverage must be subtracted from the original insurance claim amount and the same must not be regarded as business expenditure. Secondly, when the insurance claim is for attaining loss on assets that are directly held as stock in trade, such assets cannot be regarded as capital assets and is therefore directly associated with the assessable income being depicted in the financials. Further, any incurred expenses for such purpose are allowable only as business expenditures so that businesses can attain benefit from the same. Nevertheless, these expenses must be shown in the profit and loss account and considered as expenses for recovering the losses on the stock. On a whole, the expenses incurred for revaluation of assets held as stock in trade can be allowed under 8-1 of the ITAA, 1997. As mentioned previously, under section 8-1 of the ITAA, 1997, it has been stated that deductible expenses are either incurred while earning the assessable income or while operating a particular business that plays the main role in generating such assessable income. Furthermore, the deduction is not allowable of these expenses if they are of domestic nature, capital nature, or nature in association with the attainment of exempted income. A similar instance was held in the case of Newspapers Ltd v FCT(1938) 61 CLR 337) where all losses and payments that include commission, expenses of traveling, expenses and not in the nature of losses and capital outgoing provided in gaining the income that is assessable. Therefore, in computing the taxpayer taxable income, the overall income generated by the taxpayer shall be considered. Therefore, in the given situation, if such ideology is implemented, it can be stated that the legal expenses that the company has incurred for tackling a petition for winding up cannot fall under the purview of the said section. This is because it is not incurred for earning an assessable income and it is not the expenses that are incurred compulsorily to operate the business so that assessable income can be attained. Furthermore, the paid expenses must also be verified in the light of the net amount because bigger the figure, the more impossible it will be to treat such as business expenses. However, since it is a legal expenditure that has been incurred for the purpose of carrying on the business operation, it can be regarded as an expense that is allowable under section 25-5. It can be observed in the given case that the solicitor account does not segregate the expenses in relation to several matters and therefore, many legal expenses fail to be divided into revenue or capital nature. Further, it has been assumed that the legal expenses for each affair mentioned in the situation are incurred for the purpose of the business In addition, such expenses have been incurred for the purpose of income recovery that must further become a relevant part of the assessable income (Kobestky, 2005). Therefore, if the purposes are segregated, it can be stated that the legal expenses that have been incurred for the discharge of mortgage can be regarded as an expense of capital nature and hence, the same cannot be allowed under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. Besides, all other incurred expenses can be easily allowable as deduction. Hence, it can be concluded why the previously mentioned expenses are either allowable or disallowable in the businesses.It can be witnessed from the given scenario that Big Bank Ltd is a bank that is registered under the GST scheme and functions on a national basis. This can be supported by the fact that it possesses more than fifty branches and pursues a massive ten-story office and other innumerable call centers for addressing its customers. Nevertheless, Big Bank has been offering various facilities to its customers that include safety deposit and offering of loans. Besides, the bank has also launched its product that is associated with contents and home insurance policies and it is considered as one of the significant initiatives in its business. However, the bank must take adequate steps to alter its computerized accounting system because of the prevalence of GST scheme that must be charged on every premium policy offered by it to its customers (Kenny et. al, 2016). Moreover, th e bank is also under an obligation to advertise and promote such new initiative because it has already made every effort to proceed with enhanced force in the insurance industry. Such effort also includes preparation of appropriate budgeting strategies and promotion through platforms like print media, television, etc that can enable in paving out ways for an effective future. Big Bank has expended an amount of $16,50,000 for the advertising campaign of such new initiative wherein $550,000 has been expended for promoting the newly launched product and the remaining amount for other requirements. Moreover, the advertisement consultant has also offered an invoice amounting to $16,50,000 for its services. The similar instance has been observed in the case of House of Lords inC E CommrsvRedrow Group plc where the issue consisted in claiming of the input tax on the commissions charged to it by the agent services. In relation to this, the input tax credit of the same must be available to the Bank because it is a registered user under the scheme of GST. The business of Big Bank must be allowed the tax credit of the amount paid on the invoice (advertising bill) because it is usual business expenditure and it is incurred especially for the purpose of business only (Martin, 2001). Besides, such expense cannot be capitalized because it is not a one-time expense and it will recur in future. Further, the life of such expense is short in nature and therefore, it must not be summed up or regarded as the companys asset (Pratt Kulsrud, 2013). Nevertheless, whenever any business entity expends for an expense that has been incurred for the purpose of its business and such expense also accommodates GST scheme, then such entity has the complete right to claim the credit for the amount of GST paid on the bill. This claiming of credit on GST is also commonly known as GST or input tax credit. As per Sadiq et. al (2017) claiming of GST can be allowed if the given below conditions comply: The expenses that are incurred for any purchase of items are exclusively for the intention of business and not for personal utilization. GST must be incorporated in the purchase price of the item. There must be a valid consideration for the payment of item purchased. The seller or supplier of such item must issue a tax invoice for such item and it must be inclusive of GST. The expenses that are incurred by the Big Bank is an enormous figure but still, it must be allowed as an advertising expenditure, as it is significantly or exclusively incurred for the purpose of promoting the business operations of the bank. Further, the company also has complete authority to claim the entire input tax credit so that it can be utilized for addressing its additional tax liabilities of GST. A similar observation was noted in the case of Polysar Investments Netherlands BVvInspecteur der Invoerrechten en Accijnzen, Arnhem (Case C-60/90). The question that was put before the court of justice was that whether Polysar can be considered as a taxable entity for the purpose of VAT and whether input tax credit charged on costs will be claimable. The court of justice came with a judgment that a holding company having a primary purpose of holding shares in the subsidiary company and exercising rights with the same will not be a taxable entity for the purpose of VAT and the statu s did not alter because it is under the ambit of the economic grouping (Martin, 2001). Hence, it came to the conclusion that input tax will not be available. Moreover, the payment made by the bank to the advertisement consultants comprise of $550000 that is apportioned to the advertisement, television, and $11,00,000 for other advertising media. Hence, such expense will assist the bank to enhance its business affairs and it must be approximately two percent of its entire business affairs. Thus, the remaining 98% of the business affairs of the bank must accrue to the traditional bank's sources of income that are deposit facilities and distribution of loan to various customers, and for which commission and interest are charged respectively (Renton, 2005). Therefore, since all these scenarios comply in the case of Big Bank Ltd, it is surely eligible to claim input tax credit on the invoice issued by the advertising consultants (Hopewell, 2012). Whenever an individual attains income from a country wherein he is a usual resident and from countries as well, then he has a right to go for the foreign offset of tax. Moreover, if such individual has income from more than one country and he has incurred expenses for attaining such income, he can offset such expenses only if the following conditions are satisfied: Such individual has paid the foreign income tax from income generated from such foreign country, which means that tax on such income has already been paid. Such person has incorporated the foreign income in the net assessable income for computing the total tax payable on income (Hopewell, 2012). Computation of Assessable Income and Foreign Tax Offset: Particulars Amount in AUD$ Employment Income from Australia Employment Income from United States Employment Income from United Kingdom Rental income from property in the United Kingdom Dividend Income from United Kingdom (assumed as grossed up) Interest Income from the United Kingdom Total Gross Income Less: Expenses : Medical Expenses Expenses incurred in deriving employment income from Australia Expenses incurred in deriving employment income from the US Expenses incurred in deriving employment income from the UK Gift to a deductible gift recipient Interest on debt for deriving dividend income Expenses on debt for deriving interest income Total Taxable Income Tax on Total Taxable Income Add: Medicare Levy Total Taxes Payable Less: Foreign Taxes Offset Net Taxes Payable 44,000 12,000 8,000 2,000 1,200 800 68,000 5,000 4,000 900 500 400 140 60 57,000 10,072 1,140 11,212 4,400 6,812 Notes: the income and expenses of domestic and foreign has been totaled where taxes are paid in a foreign country it has been allowed as a set off against overall tax liability the figures are regrouped and totaled when done for the purpose of computation all amount are in Australian dollar The question pertains to the income and expenses allowability done by Johny and Leon. There have been various alterations and events that have been done during the course of business. For the purpose of computation, the figures are regrouped and tax rates are not assumed. Partnership of Johny Leon Net income for the year ending Income $ Sales of sporting Goods 400000 Bank deposits interest 10000 Dividend franked-60% 35000 Recovery of bad debts 10000 Capital Gain (30000-15000) 15000 Closing Stock at cost 16000 Expenses Opening Stock 20000 Salary 10000 15000 Interest on Capital- Johny 2000 Interest on Loan by Johny 4000 Travel Expenses Johny 3000 Legal Fees for renewal of Lease 2000 Legal Expenses 1900 Collection Expenses of debt 500 Council Expenses 500 Staff Salary (25000- 5000) 20000 Purchase of Sports Item 30000 Rent 20000 Loss on doubtful Debt 30000 Business Lunch expenses 10000 Loss due to theft of cash 3000 171900 Gain from Partnership 314100 Less: Last year Loss 40000 274100 137050 137050 Notes: 1. profits are distributed in equality 2. Assumption is done at a Small Business entity (SBE). 3. Theft loss must be considered as a loss. 4. Adjustment of capital loss is done Capital Gain on shares disposal 5. Johny travel from House to office and returns have been allowed as business expenses. 6. Johnnys son salary has been lessened by 5000$ as it exceeded the commercial rate allowable by commissioner. 7. Closing Stock considered at lower of cost or realizable value. 8. doubtful debt of 30000$ (Loss on account) considered as loss of doubtful debt. 9. lunches expenses of business have been allowed as business expenses because it was for buyers of business 10. previous year loss of 40000$ have been reduced from current year profits. It is assumed that they have been carried forward this year. References Martin, In the case of revaluation of assets2001 Input Tax Credits - The Core Mechanism of GST, viewed 11 September 2017 https://www.tved.net.au/index.cfm?SimpleDisplay=PaperDisplay.cfmPaperDisplay=https://www.tved.net.au/PublicPapers/June_2001,_Sound_Education_in_GST,_Input_Tax_Credits___The_Core_Mechanism_of_GST.html Hopewell, L 2012, Australia tax inquiry opens submissions, viewed 12 September 2017, www.zdnet.com.au. Fullerton,I.G, Deutsch, R, management, M.L, Hanley,P Snape, T 2017, The Australian Tax Handbook Tax Return Edition 2017, Thomson Reuters Kenny, P, Blissenden, M, Villios, S 2016, Australian Tax 2017, Thomson Reuters: Australia Kobestky, M 2005, Income Tax: Text, Materials and Essential Cases, Sydney: The Federation Press Pratt, J. W Kulsrud, W N 2013, financeTaxation, Oxford university press. Renton N.E 2005, Income Tax and Investment, 2nd edition, Sydney Sadiq, K, Coleman, C , Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan,S, Krever, R, Obst, R, Teoh, J Ting, A 2017, Principles of Taxation Law 2017, Law book Australia

Fallen Leaves free essay sample

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